What is a pcba test

PCBA patch processing process is very complex, including PCB board manufacturing process, component procurement and inspection, SMT patch assembly, DIP plug-in, PCBA testing and other important processes. Among them, PCBA test is the most critical quality control link in the whole PCBA processing process, which determines the final performance of the product. So what are the PCBA test forms?What is a pcba test

1, ICT test mainly includes circuit on-off, voltage and current values and wave curve, amplitude, noise, etc.

2, FCT test needs to carry out IC program firing, simulate the function of the entire PCBA board, find the problems in the hardware and software, and equipped with the necessary patch processing production fixture and test rack.

3, the fatigue test is mainly to sample the PCBA board, and carry out high-frequency and long-term operation of the function, observe whether failure occurs, judge the probability of failure in the test, and feedback the working performance of the PCBA board in the electronic products.

4, the test in harsh environment is mainly to expose the PCBA board to the temperature, humidity, drop, splash, vibration of the limit value, to obtain the test results of random samples, so as to infer the reliability of the entire PCBA board batch.

5, aging test is mainly to power PCBA board and electronic products for a long time, keep it working and observe whether there is any failure failure, after aging test electronic products can be sold in batches.PCBA process is complex, in the production and processing process, there may be various problems due to improper equipment or operation, can not guarantee that the products produced are qualified, so it is necessary to carry out PCB testing to ensure that each product will not have quality problems.

How to test pcba

PCBA test common methods, there are mainly the following:

1. Manual test

Manual testing is to directly rely on vision to test, through vision and comparison to confirm the installation of components on the PCB, this technology is very widely used. However, the large number and small components make this method less and less suitable. Moreover, some functional defects are not easily detected and data collection is difficult. In this way, more professional testing methods are needed.

2, Automatic Optical inspection (AOI)

Automatic optical detection, also known as automatic vision testing, is carried out by a special detector, used before and after reflux, and the polarity of the components is better. Easy to follow diagnosis is a common method, but this method is poor for short circuit identification.

3, flying needle test machine

Needle testing has gained popularity over the past few years due to advances in mechanical accuracy, speed, and reliability. In addition, the current demand for a test system with fast conversion and jig-free capability required for Prototype manufacturing and low-volume manufacturing makes flying needle testing the best choice.4. Functional testing

This is a test method for a specific PCB or a specific unit, which is done by specialized equipment. There are two main types of functional testing: Final Product Test and Hot Mock-up.

5. Manufacturing Defect Analyzer (MDA)

The main advantages of this test method are low upfront cost, high output, easy to follow diagnosis and fast complete short circuit and open circuit testing. The disadvantage is that functional testing can not be performed, there is usually no test coverage indication, fixture must be used, and the test cost is high.

pcba test equipment

Common PCBA test equipment are: ICT online tester, FCT functional test and aging test.

1, ICT online tester

ICT is an automatic on-line tester, which has a wide range of applications and is easy to operate. ICT automatic online detector is mainly for production process control, can measure resistance, capacitance, inductance, integrated circuit. It is especially effective for detecting open circuit, short circuit, component damage, etc., accurate fault location, easy maintenance.

2. FCT functional test

FCT function test is to provide simulation operating environment such as excitation and load for PCBA board, and obtain various state parameters of the board to test whether the functional parameters of the board meet the design requirements. FCT functional test items mainly include voltage, current, power, power factor, frequency, duty cycle, brightness and color, character recognition, voice recognition, temperature measurement, pressure measurement, motion control, FLASH and EEPROM burning.

3. Aging test

Aging test refers to the process of simulating the various factors involved in the actual conditions of use of the product to carry out the corresponding condition enhancement experiment. The PCBA board of electronic products can be used for a long time to simulate customer use, input/output testing to ensure that its performance meets market demand.

These three kinds of test equipment are common in the PCBA process, and PCBA testing in the PCBA processing process can ensure that the PCBA board delivered to the customer meets the customer’s design requirements and greatly reduces the repair rate.