The trend of automotive electronics makes circuit boards play a decisive role in automobiles. The wiring of circuit boards is not only related to the performance of electronic systems, but also to the safety and reliability of cars. Correct wiring rules and standards are the basis for efficient and stable automotive circuit design. Today I would like to share with you the basic rules and standards for automotive circuit board wiring
一、Basic rules for automotive circuit board wiring:
Modular layout: layout according to the functional modules of the circuit, and related circuit components should be laid out in a centralized manner to shorten the connection lines and reduce interference.
Power and ground wires first: Cabling should first consider the layout of power and ground wires. They should be wide enough to carry the expected current and reduce voltage drops and electromagnetic interference.
Avoid loops: Try to avoid forming large signal loops during design to reduce electromagnetic radiation and improve signal integrity.
Differential traces: For differential signals, keep two traces close together to reduce differential imbalance and external interference.
Avoid sharp angles and right angles: Avoid 90° angles and sharp angles when wiring. The best routing angle is 45° to reduce reflections and impedance discontinuities in signal transmission.
Key signal protection: For key signal lines, ground wires should be used for shielding, and the number of vias should be minimized to reduce signal attenuation.
Signal integrity: Consider signal integrity when wiring, avoid excessively long high-speed signal lines, and reserve test points if necessary.
Thermal design considerations: For components with higher power or greater heat generation, heat dissipation paths should be considered during wiring to ensure effective heat dissipation.
二、Standards followed for automotive circuit board wiring：
IPC standards: Follow the printed circuit board design and manufacturing standards issued by the International Federation of Electronic Industries (IPC).
IATF16949: International quality management system standard in the automotive industry, ensuring product and service quality in the supply chain.
UL standards: safety standards involving circuit board materials and design, especially flame retardant properties.
EMC/EMI standards: Electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference standards ensure that automotive electronic systems will not interfere with the outside world and are not affected by external interference.
Temperature and environmental adaptability: Automotive circuit board designs should meet performance requirements in extreme temperatures and harsh environments.
Reliability and durability: The wiring design should ensure the reliability and durability of the circuit board throughout the life cycle of the vehicle.
The wiring of automotive circuit boards is a complex and delicate task that requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as electrical performance, thermal management, signal integrity, and security. Following the above wiring rules and standards can help ensure the production of high-performance, high-reliability automotive circuit boards that meet the automotive industry’s stringent requirements for electronic products.
In automotive electronic systems, circuit board material selection is the cornerstone of ensuring PCB performance and reliability. Correct material selection not only affects the physical and chemical properties of the circuit board, but is also directly related to the stability and safety of the automotive electronic system.
Let’s learn about the key factors in automotive circuit board material selection, the impact of material selection on automotive electronic systems, and the general automotive circuit material selection standards.
三、Key factors in automotive circuit board material selection：
Thermal performance: The heat resistance and thermal expansion coefficient of the material directly affect the performance and life of the circuit board in high temperature environments.
Electrical properties: including dielectric constant, insulation resistance, etc. These parameters affect the signal transmission quality of the circuit board.
Mechanical properties: such as tensile strength, flexural strength, etc., determine the physical stability and durability of the circuit board.
Environmental suitability: Materials must be able to withstand humidity, chemical corrosion and vibration in the environment in which the vehicle operates.
Flame retardancy: Automotive circuit board materials should have a certain level of flame retardancy to meet safety requirements.
Economic cost: The cost of materials is also an important factor to consider when selecting models to ensure the market competitiveness of the product.
四、The impact of material selection on automotive electronic systems：
Reliability: High-quality circuit board materials can improve the reliability and stability of automotive electronic systems.
Safety: Good flame retardant properties help reduce fire risks and ensure passenger safety.
Durability: Excellent mechanical properties and environmental adaptability ensure the durability of the circuit board in harsh environments.
Performance stability: Materials with excellent electrical properties ensure the stability of signal transmission and the long-term operating performance of the circuit board.
Cost control: Reasonable material costs help control vehicle manufacturing costs and improve market competitiveness.
五、Standards for selecting general automotive circuit materials：
International standards compliance: Follow international standards such as IPC (Interconnection and Packaging of Electronic Circuits) and ISO (International Organization for Standardization).
Temperature resistance: Choose materials that can withstand the high temperature of the car engine compartment. Generally, they are required to withstand temperatures of at least 105°C to 150°C.
Flame retardant grade: Usually required to achieve flame retardant performance of UL94V-0 or higher.
Environmental resistance: Materials should be able to resist environmental factors such as humidity, salt spray, chemical corrosion, etc. during vehicle operation.
Mechanical Strength: Select materials with sufficient tensile and flexural strength to withstand mechanical stress.
Tg point (glass transition temperature): Choose materials with a high Tg point to ensure good mechanical properties and dimensional stability at high temperatures.
The selection of automotive circuit board materials is a comprehensive decision that requires consideration of multiple factors and performance indicators. By following the above standards and considering key factors, manufacturers can ensure the quality and performance of circuit boards, thereby improving the reliability and safety of automotive electronic systems. Therefore, it is crucial to find a circuit board manufacturer like Fastlinepcb that has abundant and reliable resources of high-quality raw materials.